Municipals were slightly weaker, particularly on the long end, but the asset class outperformed a selloff in U.S. Treasuries after a stronger-than-expected jobs report.
January’s payrolls surged 467,000, and December’s were revised up to 510,000 from 199,000, causing Treasury yields to spike.
“The inflation battle for the Fed and their monetary policy will be a big challenge,” said John Farawell, managing director and head of municipal trading at Roosevelt & Cross. “As always, watch the yields and Treasury slope as the market interprets the Fed's future plans.”
Triple-A benchmark yields rose one to five basis points while UST saw larger losses. Ratios fell again as a result. The municipal to UST ratio five-year was at 65%, 75% in 10 and 83% in 30, according to Refinitiv MMD's 3 p.m. read. ICE Data Services had the five at 64%, the 10 at 76% and the 30 at 83%.
Municipal to UST ratios hit highs to start the week after muni yields rose substantially throughout January. The 10-year muni to UST ratio reached 87% and the 30-year rose to 94%, both of which were last seen before the November 2020 election, according to BofA Global Research. This created entry points for buyers to return to the market even as ratios fell on the week following these highs. Indeed, muni yields fell in the first three sessions of February.
“This suggests that, besides a hawkish Fed and high Treasury rates, the disappearing fear of higher tax rates may have also played a factor,” they said.
President Biden's infrastructure agenda, as well as the possibility of increased tax rates, contributed to declining ratios in 2021, BofA Global Research strategists Yingchen Li and Ian Rogow said in a Friday report.
They said the agenda was
If higher tax rates are not on the table this year, BofA said muni-Treasury ratios will confront a similar situation to that of 2018, with a highly active Fed and robust GDP growth, while inflation is considerably higher this year and Treasury debt has climbed by $6.5 trillion compared to 2018. According to BofA economists, the Fed will raise rates seven times this year, resulting in 3.6% GDP growth. For years to come, these variables will keep the prospects of rising tax rates in the picture.
“As such, ratio ranges should be lower than in 2018 and 2019,” they said. “Absent a market dislocation like March 2020's, high ratios seen this Monday are extreme and should be considered a good opportunity for tax-exempt investors.”
Following Fed-induced rate hikes, tax-exempt yields will likely follow, and muni-Treasury ratios may also underperform if rates rise, according to Barclays strategists Mikhail Foux, Clare Pickering and Mayur Patel in a Friday report. While they anticipate that muni volatility will persist, they said it is not muni-specific and the asset class is merely adjusting to a more equitable yield environment.
“At this point, the market seems to have realized that higher taxes will not materialize … while additional help for state and local governments also is highly unlikely,” they said. “Hence, muni yields are simply adjusting to a more normalized regime, in our view."
Municipal bonds are still very inexpensive compared to Treasuries, despite muni-Treasury ratios having fallen from recent highs, the Barclays report said. After trading at a discount in late January, the NAVs of liquid muni exchange-traded funds have likewise swung back into positive territory, indicating the muni market is regaining its footing, they said.
“The muni market is still not out of the woods, and we expect volatility when the Fed actually starts tightening as early as next month,” they said. “However, a lot has been priced in already and, while not chasing the yields lower, investors should be opportunistic and continue adding on market weakness.”
Although the muni market dislocations this year have been severe, Barclays strategists are not concerned in the long run. Municipals have been under pressure several times in the last 15 years, practically all of them triggered by rate selloffs, but only in the most severe episodes has rate volatility been paired with municipal credit, they said.
Slow issuance is one of the reasons why the muni market hasn't been subjected to additional pressure.
January is normally one of the slowest months of the year, and total and net issuance in the first month of 2022 was
They said lower supply helped the market regain its footing more quickly, but issuance is expected to build up in the coming months. However, the new-issue calendar for the upcoming week is at $5.39 billion, down from this week's $8 billion.
The largest deal of the week comes from the Port of Portland, Oregon with $511.35 million. Other notable deals include a taxable refunding for the state of Ohio, the Orange County Health Facilities Authority, Greater Orlando Aviation Authority and Arlington Independent School District, Texas.
Washington brings
Washington GOs traded in blocks on Friday with 5s of 2031 at 1.47% and 5s of 2043 at 1.90% versus 1.85%-1.84% Wednesday.
Secondary trading
Minnesota 5s of 2023 at 0.71%-0.70%. Wisconsin 5s of 2024 at 0.93% versus 0.93%-0.91% on 1/27. Maryland 5s of 2025 at 1.04%. Harvard 5s of 2026 at 1.13% versus 1.17% Thursday. Gwinnett County, Georgia 5s of 2026 at 1.15%.
Ohio 5s of 2028 at 1.26%. Georgia 5s of 2028 at 1.27%-1.26%. Minnesota 5s of 2028 at 1.26% versus 1.34%-1.32% Wednesday and 1.38% Tuesday. Ohio 5s of 2028 at 1.26%. Texas waters 5s of 2028 at 1.35%. New York Dorm PITs 5s of 2029 at 1.35%-1.31%. Loudoun County, Virginia 5s of 2030 at 1.48%.
California 5s of 2032 at 1.48% versus 1.52% Thursday. New York Dorm PITs 5s of 2032 at 1.59%-1.58% versus 1.69% on Wednesday. New York City Transitional Finance Authority 5s of 2034 at 1.74%-1.73%. Los Angeles DPW 5s of 203 at 1.71%-1.68% versus 1.79%-1.78% Tuesday.
New York City TFA 5s of 2044 at 2.10%-2.09%. New York City Municipal waters 5s of 2048 at 2.08% versus 2.04% Thursday. New York City TFA 5s of 2051 at 2.32%-2.31% versus 2.34%-2.33% Thursday and original 2.37%. LA DPW 5s of 2051 at 2.06% versus 2.01%-1.98% Wednesday.
AAA scales
Refinitiv MMD's scale was mixed at the 3 p.m. read: the one-year at 0.61% (unch) and 0.88% (unch) in two years. The five-year at 1.16% (-1), the 10-year at 1.44% (+1) and the 30-year at 1.84% (+2).
The ICE municipal yield curve saw two to five basis point cuts: 0.58% (unch) in 2023 and 0.90% (+2) in 2024. The five-year at 1.15% (+3), the 10-year was at 1.47% (+2) and the 30-year yield was at 1.85% (+5) in a 4 p.m. read.
The IHS Markit municipal curve was little changed: 0.62% (-1) in 2023 and 0.85% (-1) in 2024. The five-year at 1.17% (-1), the 10-year at 1.42% (unch) and the 30-year at 1.84% (unch) at a 4 p.m. read.
Bloomberg BVAL was bumped cut one to three basis points: 0.65% (unch) in 2023 and 0.87% (unch) in 2024. The five-year at 1.20% (+1), the 10-year at 1.45% (+1) and the 30-year at 1.84% (+1) at a 4 p.m. read.
Treasury yields rose double digits on the two-and five-year and equities ended mixed.
The two-year UST was yielding 1.315%, the five-year was yielding 1.774%, the 10-year yielding 1.919%, the 20-year at 2.284% and the 30-year Treasury was yielding 2.221% at the close. The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 22 points or 0.06%, the S&P was up 0.52% while the Nasdaq gained 1.58% at the close.
Another surprise
After almost two years of pandemic conditions, the economy continues to challenge predictions, even day-by-day. When the ADP report disappointed on Wednesday, many analysts wrote off the employment report, which was expected to be weakened by Omicron impacts, and suggested it would have no meaning for the Federal Reserve.
Fast forward to Friday and a stronger-than-expected nonfarm payrolls gain and talk of a 50-basis point rate hike resurfaced.
“The job reports had been dismissed as inconsequential due to Omicron's effect on the labor force number,” Farawell said. “Next week's CPI release was supposed to be more important to the Fed's plans for future rate hikes," but said the payrolls report changed the conversation.
The report “certainly offers additional justification for the Fed’s new more hawkish stance as well as a welcomed data point ahead of the Committee pulling the trigger on a removal of pandemic-level accommodation potentially just 40 days from now,” said Stifel Chief Economist Lindsey Piegza.
The data “raise the possibility of going 50 at the March meeting,” said Jeffrey Cleveland, chief economist at Payden & Rygel. “The Fed seems to be way behind the curve at the moment. When you compare current readings on the unemployment rate, prime age labor force participation rate, wage growth, core PCE, trimmed mean PCE — all the readings are higher now than they were when the Fed reached ‘terminal’ fed funds of 2.50% in the last cycle.”
Before the report, he said, the bond market was pricing in five rate hikes in 2022 and a terminal rate near 1.70%. That’s too few increases and too low a rate. “We think it should be closer to 2.50%.”
The numbers “made some investors nervous” because it could force the Fed “to be much more aggressive” in its fight to curb inflation, said Edward Moya, senior market analyst at OANDA.
“The Fed clearly is rushing to fix their mistake in tackling inflation and that surging global bond yield environment will make it tough for risky assets,” he said. “Selling into rallies may not become the dominant theme, but it is hard to imagine investors will be aggressively bullish here.”
After Wednesday, weakness in the report was expected, Moya said, “instead we saw robust hiring, higher wages and more Americans returned to the workforce. Treasury yields skyrocketed alongside the dollar following the impressive labor report that will fuel into the inflationary theme that is driving markets.”
Inflation data will still determine the Fed’s action. “With a couple hotter inflation reports coming before the March FOMC meeting, the base case is quickly becoming for the first-rate hike to be a half-point interest rate increase,” he said.
While the report confirms a march rate hike, said Marvin Loh, senior macro strategist at State Street Global Markets, “we do not think the Fed will come out of the gate with a 50-bps hike.”
But, he noted, “the market is likely to try and push that narrative.”
With one more jobs report due before the March 15-16 meeting, Loh said, expect the Fed to “remain non-committal to a 50-bps hike until it gets more data. Given that the Fed thinks that it is behind the curve, liftoff is likely to be followed by a few successive rate hikes.”
If the labor participation rate continues to increase, he said, “wage pressures will start normalizing and it may give the Fed a reason to pause going into the second half of the year, which may require less rate hikes than currently expected.”
Besides reaffirming “the strength of the U.S. economy,” the numbers show “the economy is becoming quite resistant to new variants of COVID-19,” said Ron Temple, head of U.S. equities at Lazard Asset Management. “A hike in interest rates in March is practically a done deal.”
But the 0.7% rise in average hourly earnings in the month and the 5.7% gain year-over-year “will cement the Fed’s recent hawkish turn,” said Brian Coulton, chief economist at Fitch Ratings.
Throw in wage growth at a 6.9% annualized pace over the past three months and it “flags a warning that wages are responding to high and rising inflation as well as a tight labor market,” said David Riley, chief investment strategist at BlueBay Asset Management.
Although it’s too early to tell if more pay will get people back in the workforce, ING Chief International Economist James Knightley, “the narrative of intensifying labor market inflation pressures and strong employment growth when Omicron is supposedly depressing activity only makes it more likely that the Fed will embark on an aggressive series of interest rate increases.”
While he says a 50-basis point hike in March is “doubtful,” the Fed will likely raise by 25 basis points five times in 2022.
The wage gains, combined with the job increases, fuels “the inflationary ‘wall of worry’,” said Matt Peron, director of research at Janus Henderson Investors. “As a result, fears of the Fed being forced to act more urgently could come back to the fore.”
The first half of the year is likely to be “choppy,” he said, “and we are not out of the woods yet.”
But the employment report “is a little complicated than usual,” according to Chris Low, chief economist at FHN Financial. “In recent months, the attitude at the Fed flipped from strong jobs reports are good to strong job reports are bad because the Fed has decided the economy is at full employment. They fear there are not enough people to alleviate bottlenecks.”
And while the report is strong, given the jobs added, he said, it is not bad news because the participation rate climbed as well.
The Fed now has “a little more breathing room” in which to tighten policy, Low said. “The odds of quelling inflation without a recession look better today than yesterday.”
Throwing some skepticism into the mix, Christian Scherrmann, U.S. economist at DWS, suggests benchmark revisions were responsible for the surprise rise and the upward changes to recent months’ data. “The outcome of revisions of this kind can be quite unpredictable, especially in times of major external shocks — such as a pandemic — when the usual hiring patterns do not follow a historical well-known pattern,” he said.
Primary to come:
The Port of Portland, Oregon (/AA-//) is set to price Tuesday $511.35 million of alternative tax minimum Portland International Airport revenue bonds, Series Twenty-Eight, serials 2023-2042, terms 2047 and 2052. Jefferies.
Ohio (Aa1/AA+/AA+/) is set to price Thursday $426.755 of taxable general obligation refunding bonds, consisting of: $181.905 million of infrastructure improvement bonds, Series 2022A, serials 2023-2037; $32.33 million of conservation projects bonds, Series 2022A, serials 2023-2032; and $212.52 million of common schools bonds, Series 2022A, serials 2023-2037. Loop Capital Markets.
Orange County Health Facilities Authority, California (A2/A+//) is set to price Tuesday $326.755 million of hospital revenue bonds, Series 2022. Morgan Stanley & Co.
Ohio (Aa3/A+/A+/) is set to price Tuesday $311.92 million of forward delivery turnpike junior lien revenue refunding bonds, 2022 Series A, serials 2024-2033 and 2038-2039, issued by Ohio Turnpike and Infrastructure Commission. Citigroup Global Markets.
Greater Orlando Aviation Authority (Aa3/AA-/AA-/AA-) is set to price Tuesday $285.9 million of airport facilities revenue bonds, consisting of $182.66 million of alternative minimum tax bonds, Series 2022A, serials 2023-2042, terms 2047 and 2052; $62.955 million of taxable bonds, Series 2022B, serials 2029-2030, term 2052; $8.73 million of alternative minimum tax refunding bonds, Series 2022C, serials 2023-2028; $20.045 million of non-alternative minimum tax refunding bonds, Series 2022D, serials 2023-2032; and $11.51 million of taxable refunding bonds, Series 2022E, serials 2023-2032. Wells Fargo Bank.
Arlington Independent School District, Texas (Aaa/AAA//) is set to price Tuesday $195.035 million of unlimited tax school building and refunding bonds, Series 2022, serials 2023-2042, term 2047, insured by Permanent School Fund Guarantee Program. Siebert Williams Shank & Co.
San Diego County Water Authority Financing Agency (Aa2/AAA/AA+/) is set to price Tuesday $170 million of water revenue bonds, Series 2022A, serials 2023-2042, terms 2047 and 2052. Loop Capital Markets.
Norwich, Connecticut (/AA//) is set to price Thursday $145 million of general obligation bonds, Issue of 2022. Piper Sandler & Co.
Arizona Industrial Development Authority is set to price Tuesday $118.545 million of taxable senior sustainability-linked revenue bonds, Series 2021A. Goldman Sachs & Co.
New York City Municipal Water Finance Authority is set to price Tuesday $100 million of water and sewer system second general resolution revenue bonds, Adjustable Rate Fiscal 2022 Series DD, term 2033. Jefferies.
Competitive:
Las Vegas Valley Water District is set to sell $33.66 million of limited tax general obligation water refunding bonds, Series 2022B, at 10:45 a.m. eastern Tuesday.
Las Vegas Valley Water District is set to sell $259.11 million of limited tax general obligation water refunding bonds, Series 2022C, at 10:15 a.m. Tuesday.
Washington (Aaa/AA+/AA+/) is set to sell $200.645 million of various purpose general obligation bonds, Series 2022C – Bid Group 1, at 10:30 a.m. Tuesday.
Washington (Aaa/AA+/AA+/) is set to sell $265.475 million of various purpose general obligation bonds, Series 2022C – Bid Group 3, at 11:30 a.m. Tuesday.
Washington (Aaa/AA+/AA+/) is set to sell $277.42 million of various purpose general obligation bonds, Series 2022C – Bid Group 2, at 11 a.m. Tuesday.
The University System of Maryland is set to sell $23.95 million of auxiliary facility and tuition revenue bonds, 2022 Refunding Series B, at 10:45 a.m. eastern Thursday.
The University System of Maryland is set to sell $97.64 million of auxiliary facility and tuition revenue bonds, 2022 Series A, at 10:30 a.m. Thursday.
Lynne Funk contributed to this report.
